Excellence, then, is a state concerned with choice, lying in a mean, relative to us, this being determined by reason and in the way in which the man of practical wisdom would determine it.

John Philoponus stands out for having attempted a fundamental critique of Aristotle's views on the eternity of the world movement and other elements of Aristotelian thought. The final cause is its purpose or that for the sake of which a thing exists or is done including both purposeful and instrumental actions and activities. Politics

In addition to his works on ethics which address the individual Aristotle addressed the city in his work titled Politics.

All aspects of Aristotle's philosophy continue to be the object of active academic study today. Aristotle (Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης [aristotélɛːs] Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects including physics metaphysics poetry theater music logic rhetoric linguistics politics government ethics biology and zoology.