The aging and decreasing population is a serious problem in many developed countries today. In Japan's case, these demographic changes are taking place at a more rapid pace than any other country has ever experienced.

Fukui was Deputy Governor of BOJ from 2002 through 2003; and he became the new BOJ governor at the end of the five-year term of Masaru Hayami. He was the 29th Governor of the Bank of Japan (BOJ) and a Director of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Early life
Fukui was born in Osaka.

Toshihiko Fukui (福井俊彦 Fukui Toshihiko? September 7 1935–  ) is a Japanese economist and central banker.