The aging and declining population will have far-reaching impacts. Declining fertility rates will possibly increase immigration. The structure of family and society will inevitably change.

Fukui was Deputy Governor of BOJ from 2002 through 2003; and he became the new BOJ governor at the end of the five-year term of Masaru Hayami. He was the 29th Governor of the Bank of Japan (BOJ) and a Director of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Early life
Fukui was born in Osaka.

Toshihiko Fukui (福井俊彦 Fukui Toshihiko? September 7 1935–  ) is a Japanese economist and central banker.