I mean, this whole digital revolution is really eroding the director's importance on a movie because, number one, just from a practical standpoint, with floppy disks and the ability to put all of the film onto a disk, more people have access to the movie.

In later years Frankenheimer theorized that the audience may have developed an affinity over the course of the movie for the character played by Bruce Dern and thus felt conflicted when he was defeated at the end. In any event it was re-released to great acclaim in 1988. Birdman of Alcatraz
Production of Birdman of Alcatraz began under director Charles Crichton.

He developed a "tremendous propensity for exploring political situations" which would ensnare his characters. Among his credits were Birdman of Alcatraz (1962) The Manchurian Candidate (1962) Seven Days in May (1964) The Train (1964) Grand Prix (1966) Black Sunday (1977) and Ronin (1998). ".