We think we know that chimpanzees are higher animals and earthworms are lower, we think we've always known what that means, and we think evolution makes it even clearer. But it doesn't. It is by no means clear that it means anything at all. Or if it means anything, it means so many different things to be misleading, even pernicious.

Huxley who was known as "Darwin's Bulldog" for his advocacy of Charles Darwin's evolutionary ideas. The Extended Phenotype (1982) in which he describes natural selection as "the process whereby replicators out-propagate each other". Lewontin.

He is an emeritus fellow of New College Oxford and was the University of Oxford's Professor for Public Understanding of Science from 1995 until 2008. Instead he describes evolutionary processes as analogous to a blind watchmaker. He is well known for his criticism of creationism and intelligent design.