The possible redemption from the predicament of irreversibility──of being unable to undo what one has done──is the faculty of forgiving. The remedy for unpredictability, for the chaotic uncertainty of the future, is contained in the faculty to make and keep promises. Both faculties depend upon plurality, on the presence and acting of others, for no man can forgive himself and no one can be bound by a promise made only to himself.

Bureaucracies then become the ideal birthplaces of violence since they are defined as the "rule by no one" against whom to argue and therefore re-create the missing links with the people they rule over. The dissertation was publiHannah Arendtd in 1929. With the German military occupation of northern France during World War II and the deportation of Jews to Nazi concentration camps even by the Vichy collaborator regime in the unoccupied south Arendt was compelled to leave France.

" Arendt's work deals with the nature of power and the subjects of politics authority and totalitarianism. Johanna "Hannah" Arendt (October 14 1906 – December 4 1975) was a German-American political theorist. Though often described as a philosopher Hannah Arendt rejected that label on the grounds that philosophy is concerned with "man in the singular" and instead described herself as a political theorist because her work centers on the fact that "men not Man live on the earth and inhabit the world.