My list of basic tools is a partial answer to the question about what has changed: Over the past few years, large numbers of programmers have come to depend on elaborate tools to interface code with systems facilities.

His thesis advisor in Cambridge was David Wheeler. Career
Stroustrup began developing C++ in 1978 (then called "C with Classes") and in his own words "invented C++ wrote its early definitions and produced its first implementation. Ellis & Bjarne Stroustrup – Addison-Wesley Pub Co; (1 January 1990); ISBN 0-201-51459-1.

Bjarne Stroustrup (Danish pronunciation: [ˈbjɑːnə ˈsdʁʌʊ̯ˀsdʁɔb]); born 30 December 1950 in Aarhus Denmark) is a Danish computer scientist most notable for the creation and the development of the widely-used C++ programming language. He is currently Professor and holder of the College of Engineering Chair in Computer Science at Texas A&M University.