The keystone of the Fascist doctrine is its conception of the State, of its essence, its functions, and its aims. For Fascism the State is absolute, individuals and groups relative.

On 23 March 1919 Mussolini reformed the Milan fascio as the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento (Italian Combat Squad) consisting of 200 members. The "march" took place in 1922 between 27–29 October. After the March on Rome that brought Benito Mussolini to power the Fascists started considering ways to ideologize Italian society with an accent on schools.

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (Italian pronunciation: [beˈnito mussoˈlini]; 29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and leader of the National Fascist Party ruling the country from 1922 to his ousting in 1943. Mussolini remained in power until he was replaced in 1943; he remained the leader of the Italian Social Republic until his death in 1945. In late April 1945 with total defeat looming Mussolini attempted to escape north only to be quickly captured and summarily executed near Lake Como by Italian partisans.