Citizen participation is a device whereby public officials induce nonpublic individuals to act in a way the officials desire.

Humphrey Award given by the American Political Science Association "in recognition of notable public service by a political scientist. After release of the information Moynihan authored Secrecy: The American Experience where he discussed the impact government secrecy has had on the domestic politics of America for the past half century and how myths and suspicion created an unnecessary partisan chasm. He was on active duty from 1944 to 1947 last serving as gunnery officer of the USS Quirinus.

Prior to his years in the Senate Moynihan was the United States' Ambassador to the United Nations and to India and was a member of four successive presidential administrations beginning with the administration of John F. He declined to run for re-election in 2000. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (March 16 1927 – March 26 2003) was an American politician and sociologist.